Perceptual Constancies: Brightness Constancy

In brightness constancy, our eyes perceive the brightness of an object due to lighting and the background around it. For example, if an object is seen in the daylight it will appear brighter than it would at night in dim lighting. Also, if an object is seen with a background lighter than it, it will seem brighter than it would with a background that is darker than it.

Example: The orange paper (in the same lighting) looks brighter and bolder when it is against the white background than it does against the black background.